近期伊朗地区冲突持续升级,全球关键航运通道霍尔木兹海峡陷入实质性物流梗阻,原本局限于石油市场的冲击持续外溢,直接波及全球汽车出口产业链。作为深耕中东市场的两大日系车企巨头,Nissan与Toyota先后官宣减产计划,均因中东航线运输中断、整车仓储饱和被迫调整产能,这一变动也牵动着东南亚乃至全球日系车的供应格局。

据业内知情人士及车企官方消息,Nissan率先启动减产调整,本月将在日本福冈县九州工厂减产约1200辆汽车,全部针对中东出口市场。此次减产核心原因是日本发往中东的整车运输航线全面受阻,大量待出口车辆无法顺利发运,日本国内仓储空间告急,车企不得不通过减产腾出库存容量。
数据显示,中东是Nissan仅次于北美的第二大出口市场,2025年Nissan从日本向中东出口整车77784辆,同比大涨24%,也是该品牌去年唯一实现出口同比增长的海外市场,此次减产对其中东业务增长势头形成明显压制。

紧随Nissan之后,Toyota公布了更大范围的减产计划,截至2026年4月底,将累计削减近4万辆面向中东市场的汽车产量,其中3月减产2万辆,4月再减产1.8万辆,减产幅度接近其中东月度出口量的七成。Toyota已正式向上游零部件供应商通报调整后的生产计划,同步收紧零部件供应节奏,避免产能过剩与库存积压。
Toyota此次减产覆盖多款中东爆款车型,包括硬派越野标杆Land Cruiser(兰德酷路泽)、多款家用SUV、轿车及商用厢式车,这类车型在中东市场认可度极高,也是Toyota在当地的利润支柱。相较于Nissan的局部减产,Toyota的调整覆盖全品类中东出口车型,足见其对物流危机持续时间的谨慎预判。

霍尔木兹海峡作为波斯湾唯一出海通道,承担着全球超三分之一的海运原油运输,同时也是汽车整车及零部件的核心航运线路。受冲突影响,全球主流航运公司纷纷暂停该航线运营,船只被迫绕行非洲好望角,运输时间延长10-14天,运费、保险费大幅飙升,整车出口成本急剧上涨,短期难以恢复正常。
对于马来西亚及东南亚市场而言,日系车占据市场绝对主导地位,Nissan、Toyota两大车企的全球产能调整,虽暂未直接波及东南亚供应,但后续若物流梗阻持续,或引发全球产能分配倾斜,部分热门车型的交付周期可能间接延长。目前两家日系车企均表示,将持续跟踪中东局势变化,一旦航运恢复,将快速恢复产能,最大限度降低市场影响。

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