近期受中东地缘冲突持续发酵影响,国际原油价格一路走高并突破每桶100美元大关,全球多国成品油零售价随之大幅波动,马来西亚与中国油价走势形成强烈反差:马来西亚政府依托定向燃油补贴,核心民生RON95汽油牢牢锁定RM1.99/升;中国则受国际油价联动影响迎来大幅调价,95号汽油零售价换算后逼近RM5.70/升。
马来西亚作为石油生产国,始终通过政府补贴保障民生燃油价格稳定。据马来西亚财政部最新公告,尽管国际油价持续上涨,政府依旧全力推进BUDI95汽油补贴计划,国内最受民众欢迎的RON95补贴汽油,零售价牢牢锁定每升1.99令吉,丝毫不受国际油价波动影响。同时,沙巴、砂拉越及纳闽地区的补贴柴油价格也维持每升2.15令吉不变,全力保障东马地区民生与运输需求。

为守住这一民生底价,马来西亚政府每月需投入约20亿令吉用于RON95汽油补贴,全年补贴预算更是高达240亿令吉。仅非补贴版RON95与RON97汽油、西马柴油价格随国际市场小幅调整,补贴范围内的燃油价格全程保持稳定,切实减轻普通家庭与日常通勤车主的经济压力,首相安华也明确表示,该国燃油储备充足,补贴油价将至少维持至2026年5月。
受本轮国际原油暴涨影响,中国国家发改委宣布于3月23日24时开启年内第六轮油价调整,迎来年内最大涨幅。据当地能源机构测算,本轮汽柴油每吨上调约2000元,折算零售端,92号汽油每升上涨约1.73元,95号汽油每升上涨约1.83元;调整后中国多地92号汽油零售价突破9元/升(约RM5.13),95号汽油更是突破10元/升(约RM5.70),油价水平远超马来西亚。

按普通家用轿车50升油箱计算,本轮调价后,中国车主加满一箱汽油需多支出约85元(约RM48.45),日常通勤、自驾出行成本大幅增加。对比之下,马来西亚依托政府大额财政补贴,成功隔绝国际油价上涨带来的民生冲击,普通民众日常用车开销保持稳定,成为全球油价上涨浪潮中的特例。
业内人士指出,两地油价差异核心源于政策导向:马来西亚通过财政补贴兜底燃油价格;中国则遵循市场化定价机制,油价随国际原油行情同步波动。对于马来西亚车主而言,当下的补贴政策无疑是用车成本的有力保障,而政府也将持续监控国际油价走势,动态优化补贴政策,兼顾财政压力与民众福祉。

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