Lane Keeping Assist (LKA) and Lane Departure Warning (LDW) are two common driving assistance technologies, with the main differences lying in the degree of functional intervention and operation mode. The Lane Departure Warning system monitors the vehicle's relative position to lane lines via cameras or sensors. When it detects an unintended departure without turn signal operation, it alerts the driver through audible warnings, dashboard prompts, or steering wheel vibrations, but does not actively interfere with the vehicle's direction of travel. In contrast, the Lane Keeping Assist system further intervenes in control on the basis of warning: when the vehicle approaches the edge of the lane, the system automatically applies a slight steering force or adjusts the steering wheel angle to bring the vehicle back to the center of the lane, and some high-end systems can even achieve lane-centering cruise control. Both technologies rely on visual sensors and image processing technology, but LKA typically requires higher-precision lane line recognition capabilities and more complex electronic steering control modules. It should be noted that the effectiveness of these systems is greatly affected by weather, road marking clarity, and vehicle brand technical solutions; for example, heavy rain or old roads may cause temporary failure of the functions. Currently, mainstream models such as Proton X70 and Perodua Ativa offer different configuration versions of these functions, and the active safety suite descriptions of specific models can be referred to when purchasing a car.
