The origin of turbocharging technology can be traced back to 1905, when Swiss engineer Alfred Büchi first proposed it and obtained a patent. In 1918, General Electric of the United States verified its effectiveness on the Liberty L-12 aircraft engine. Starting in the 1920s, turbocharging was gradually adopted in marine and truck diesel engines. In 1951, Germany's MAN AG introduced the first turbocharged diesel truck. The application in the automotive field began in 1962 with General Motors' Oldsmobile F-85 Jetfire and Chevrolet Corvair Monza Spyder, but it failed to gain widespread adoption due to immature technology. The oil crisis in the 1970s spurred technological innovation. In 1974, the BMW 2002 Turbo and in 1975 the Porsche 911 Turbo associated turbo technology with high performance, while the 1977 Saab 99 Turbo addressed the issue of turbo lag and marked the first successful commercialization of this technology in family cars. Modern turbocharging systems have evolved into intelligent solutions incorporating technologies such as twin-scroll turbos and electric assistance, becoming a key method for improving fuel efficiency and power. Currently, over 90% of diesel vehicles and half of petrol vehicles utilize this technology.
