What are the three main steps in ADAS functioning?

The operation of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) mainly consists of three core steps: environmental perception, data processing and decision-making, and execution control. First, the system collects real-time environmental data around the vehicle through hardware such as millimeter-wave radar, cameras, and ultrasonic sensors, including lane line recognition, front vehicle distance monitoring, and blind spot obstacle detection. Next, the Electronic Control Unit (ECU) performs fusion analysis on the sensor data and uses algorithms (such as machine learning models) to determine the current driving state, for example, triggering lane departure warnings or calculating the acceleration for adaptive cruise control. Finally, the system outputs commands through actuators such as electronic stability control, automatic braking, or slight steering wheel adjustments to realize functions like lane keeping, emergency braking, or follow-up speed adjustment. Currently, L2-level systems in mainstream models have integrated functions such as ACC, AEB, and BSD, but sensors need to be maintained regularly to ensure accurate calibration.