To determine whether the power steering pump or steering gear is damaged, a preliminary diagnosis can be made based on the following phenomena. If the steering wheel feels abnormally heavy when turning at low speeds or in place, accompanied by a "buzzing" or "squeaking" noise, it may indicate insufficient hydraulic pressure caused by internal wear of the power steering pump. If the steering fault light on the instrument panel illuminates or a "Check Power Steering System" message appears, priority should be given to inspecting the electronic control unit or sensor signals. For mechanical hydraulic power steering systems, check whether the fluid level in the power steering reservoir drops rapidly, whether the fluid appears emulsified or darkened, and whether there are leaks at the pipe connections-these signs may indicate seal failure in the power steering pump or a ruptured hydraulic line. Additionally, delayed steering response, difficulty in the steering wheel returning to centre position, or intermittent power assist failure are typically associated with pump wear or air ingress into the system. For electric power steering systems, if abnormal temperature rise or increased noise during cold starts occurs, inspect the motor and torque sensor. For routine maintenance, hydraulic power steering systems require fluid replacement every 2 years or 40,000 kilometres, while electric power steering systems need periodic electrical circuit and data stream monitoring to prevent malfunctions.
