What are signs of low power steering fluid?

When the power steering fluid is insufficient, various noticeable symptoms will appear. Initially, the steering wheel requires increased effort to turn, particularly during low-speed manoeuvres or parking, resembling the sensation of pushing a heavy object. Secondly, the steering system may produce high-pitched "whining" or "squeaking" noises due to the hydraulic pump cavitating from inadequate lubrication. Additionally, the presence of red or amber fluid stains beneath the vehicle or a reservoir level below the MIN mark indicates potential leakage. Some vehicle dashboards may illuminate a power steering warning light as the electronic control system detects hydraulic abnormalities. Prolonged fluid deficiency accelerates wear on steering components like the rack-and-pinion assembly and seals, potentially leading to complete power steering failure in severe cases-a significant safety concern. Regular monthly checks of the reservoir level (between MIN and MAX marks when the engine is at operating temperature) are recommended. Note that Electronic Power Steering (EPS) systems don't use hydraulic fluid; their malfunction typically triggers warning lights or produces unusual motor noises, distinct from hydraulic system symptoms.