The calculation of braking factors is a key indicator for evaluating vehicle braking performance, with its core being the quantification of braking efficiency by measuring the ratio of braking force to relevant loads. Specifically, the axle braking rate is calculated by dividing the sum of the maximum braking forces of the left and right wheels on the same axle by the static axle load of that axle and then multiplying by 100%. The parking braking rate is determined by the ratio of the parking braking force to the sum of the static axle loads, used to evaluate parking stability on slopes. Additionally, the imbalance rate reflects the difference in braking force between the left and right wheels, calculated as the percentage of the maximum difference in braking force between the left and right wheels divided by the maximum single-wheel braking force or axle load. In practical applications, the drag rate (the ratio of idling resistance to wheel load) must also be measured using a roller reaction brake tester to ensure no abnormal binding in the braking system (the standard value should not exceed 5% of the axle load). Notably, while the vehicle braking rate can theoretically reach 100%, the actual value is typically lower than the theoretical limit due to road surface adhesion coefficients and system losses. These calculations must strictly adhere to Malaysian vehicle inspection standards to ensure data accuracy and driving safety.
