When brake calipers malfunction, vehicles exhibit various abnormal symptoms that directly affect driving safety. Common issues include the steering wheel automatically deviating when approaching a stop, caused by imbalanced braking force due to unequal pressure from the caliper pistons; violent vibration of the brake disc during driving indicates restricted piston movement or uneven force distribution on the disc; incomplete retraction after pedal release may result from caliper seizure or brake fluid leakage. Severe caliper seizure may cause complete brake failure, diminished braking power, and abnormal noises, potentially rendering the system inoperative. Other latent symptoms include abnormal tyre wear (unilateral wear exceeding 30%), brake disc overheating (>90°C), ABS false activation, or aerated brake fluid, indicating mechanical failures like fractured return springs, seized guide pins, or deteriorated seals. Maintenance recommendations include verifying guide pin lubrication every 20,000 km and replacing brake fluid every 40,000 km. Immediate inspection is required when detecting increased rolling resistance, reduced pedal travel, or metallic grinding during operation to prevent brake system compromise.
