The three core functions of an automobile suspension system include cushioning road impacts, maintaining the stability of wheel-ground contact, and enhancing handling performance. Through the synergistic effect of springs and shock absorbers, the suspension system absorbs vibrations transmitted from uneven roads, significantly reducing body jerkiness and ensuring ride comfort. Meanwhile, its guiding mechanism precisely controls the wheel movement trajectory, keeping the tyres in constant contact with the road surface during driving to enhance grip, which is crucial for acceleration, braking, and cornering performance. Additionally, the suspension structure design directly affects the vehicle's dynamic response. For example, MacPherson struts optimize steering flexibility through a compact layout, while multi-link suspensions reduce changes in wheel alignment parameters through multi-dimensional constraints, balancing comfort and sportiness. Current technological trends such as active suspension further integrate electronic control units to adjust damping parameters in real time for different road conditions. Suspension tuning requires a trade-off between comfort and handling. Excessively soft springs may improve vibration absorption but can exacerbate brake dive. Therefore, manufacturers often optimize performance through designs like stabilizer bars or hydraulic bushings.
