Automotive suspension systems are primarily categorized into two types: independent suspension and non-independent suspension. Independent suspension includes four common variants: MacPherson strut, double wishbone, multi-link, and trailing arm. It is widely employed in the front wheels of economy vehicles but offers limited lateral support. Commonly found in high-performance cars and luxury SUVs, it significantly enhances cornering stability. Multi-link suspension precisely adjusts wheel alignment via four to five linkages, achieving a balance between comfort and handling, and is predominantly used in mid-to-high-end vehicles. The trailing arm suspension connects wheels through longitudinal swing arms, making it suitable for stability-oriented models. Non-independent suspension mainly consists of torsion beam and leaf spring configurations, characterized by simple construction and high load capacity, typically used in the rear wheels of commercial vehicles and budget cars. Key suspension components include elastic elements (such as coil springs or air springs), dampers, and guiding mechanisms, with some models additionally equipped with stabilizer bars to mitigate body roll. Suspension selection requires comprehensive consideration of driving requirements-for instance, handling-focused applications may prioritize double wishbone or multi-link systems, whereas load-bearing needs are better served by leaf spring non-independent suspensions.
