What are the four types of gearboxes?

Automotive transmissions are mainly divided into four core types, each with unique technical characteristics and applicable scenarios. It has a transmission efficiency of over 95% and low maintenance costs, making it suitable for drivers who pursue driving pleasure. Hydraulic Automatic Transmission (AT) utilizes planetary gear sets and torque converters, offering smooth shifting and high reliability. It is commonly equipped in mid-to-high-end models, but its complex structure results in manufacturing costs approximately 30% higher than CVT. Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) achieves stepless speed variation through a steel belt and cone pulleys, with outstanding smoothness and fuel economy. However, its maximum torque capacity is typically 350N·m, making it unsuitable for high-horsepower models or aggressive driving. Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT) accomplishes millisecond-level shifting through the alternating operation of two clutches, and it comes in two configurations: dry-type (limited heat dissipation but lightweight) and wet-type (capable of withstanding 700N·m torque). It is predominantly found in performance models, though slight jerking may occur during low-speed operation. Additionally, hybrid models often employ dedicated transmissions such as the E-CVT in Toyota's THS system or the DHT architecture in BYD's DM-i, which achieve efficient power distribution through the coordination of motors and gear sets. The selection of a transmission should align with vehicle usage requirements-for instance, CVT or AT is preferable for urban commuting, DCT is favored for performance driving, while hybrid systems require specialized transmission technologies.