The automotive transmission is a key transmission device that adjusts the output speed and torque of the engine through gear combinations, hydraulic or electronic systems. Manual transmissions rely on the driver to operate the gear lever to switch gear sets, achieving speed reduction with torque increase (e.g., low gears when climbing hills) or speed increase with torque reduction (e.g., high-speed cruising) through different gear ratios. They have a simple structure but require proficient operating skills. Automatic transmissions work synergistically through torque converters (which transfer power using hydraulic oil) and planetary gear sets, and automatically match the optimal gear in combination with a hydraulic control system, significantly reducing driving burden. CVT uses a design of cone pulleys and steel belts to achieve continuously variable transmission, making power output smoother and fuel economy better. In addition, the transmission also has functions such as reverse (reversing direction through an intermediate gear) and neutral (interrupting power transmission) to ensure the vehicle adapts to various road conditions. For example, the CVT transmission equipped in the locally common Perodua Myvi can flexibly handle urban congestion, while the 6AT transmission of the Proton X70 balances power response and fuel efficiency. Continuous upgrades in transmission technology (such as electronic shifting and hybrid-specific transmission mechanisms) are driving the simultaneous improvement of automotive performance and energy efficiency.
