The automotive braking system is mainly divided into three types: mechanical braking system, hydraulic braking system, and pneumatic braking system. Among them, disc brakes have become the mainstream choice for modern passenger cars due to their good heat dissipation, strong braking force, and ease of maintenance. The hydraulic braking system uses fluid to transmit braking force and consists of a master cylinder, wheel cylinders, and pipelines. When the pedal is pressed, hydraulic fluid pushes the brake pads to contact the brake disc, featuring fast response and uniform distribution of braking force, making it widely applicable to small and medium-sized vehicles. The pneumatic braking system uses compressed air as the medium and transmits braking force through air chambers and air reservoirs, primarily used in heavy trucks and buses. Additionally, electronic braking systems (such as anti-lock braking systems) and energy recovery systems (commonly found in new energy vehicles) serve as technical extensions, further enhancing safety and energy efficiency. The application of different braking systems must match the vehicle type and usage scenario. For example, disc brakes are more suitable for urban driving with frequent braking, while pneumatic systems meet the high-load demands of commercial vehicles.
