The automotive braking system is mainly divided into five categories: mechanical braking, hydraulic braking, pneumatic braking, electronic braking, and regenerative braking. The mechanical braking system generates braking force through friction, including drum brakes and disc brakes. The hydraulic braking system uses liquid to transmit braking force, with rapid response and uniform distribution of braking force, making it the most common type currently. The pneumatic braking system uses compressed air to transmit braking force, suitable for heavy trucks and buses because of its large braking force and high reliability. The electronic braking system precisely controls braking force through an electronic control unit, including anti-lock braking systems, traction control systems, and electronic stability programs, which significantly improve vehicle safety and handling. The regenerative braking system is mainly used in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, converting braking energy into electrical energy for storage to improve energy utilization efficiency. In addition, the braking system can also be classified by function into service braking, parking braking, emergency braking, and auxiliary braking; by energy source into manual braking, power braking, and servo braking; and by energy transmission method into mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and electromagnetic types. Disc brakes are further divided into solid discs, ventilated discs, and ceramic brake discs. The parking braking system includes traditional handbrakes, foot brakes, electronic parking brakes, and automatic parking brakes. Electronic parking brakes and automatic parking brakes are gradually becoming popular due to their convenient operation.
