The automotive braking system is mainly divided into three types: hydraulic braking system, pneumatic braking system, and auxiliary braking system. The hydraulic braking system is the mainstream configuration for passenger cars. It transmits pressure through brake fluid and features fast response (0.1-0.3 seconds) and a compact structure, but has limited braking force and is prone to vapor lock at high temperatures. Typical components include the master cylinder, wheel cylinders, and ABS pump. The pneumatic braking system is more commonly used in commercial vehicles. It uses compressed air to transmit braking force, with a working pressure of 0.65-0.8 MPa. It is suitable for frequent braking and provides substantial braking force, but its response is slightly slower (0.3-0.5 seconds) and the system is complex. Key components include air compressors and brake chambers. The auxiliary braking system covers electronic functions such as ABS (Anti-lock Braking System), EBD (Electronic Brake-force Distribution), and ESP (Electronic Stability Program). It adjusts braking force in real time through sensors to enhance safety. The former offers good heat dissipation and resistance to thermal fade, and is mostly used for front wheels or high-performance vehicles. The latter provides strong braking force but has poor heat dissipation, and is commonly used for rear wheels of economy cars. Regular maintenance should focus on indicators such as brake fluid moisture content (<3%) and brake pad thickness (≥3mm). It is best to replace DOT4 brake fluid every 2 years to ensure system reliability.
