What is the working principle of AEB?

Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB) is an active safety technology that operates through the coordinated function of sensors, algorithms, and execution modules, designed to prevent or mitigate collision risks. Its working principle comprises three core components: the perception layer employs millimeter-wave radar, cameras, or lidar to detect the distance, velocity, and classification of obstacles ahead (such as vehicles and pedestrians) in real time; the decision-making layer computes collision probability based on Time to Collision (TTC) and risk factors; if the driver fails to respond promptly, the execution layer automatically applies braking force via the Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) to implement staged interventions (e.g., warning alerts, partial braking, or full emergency stop). AEB demonstrates notable efficacy in low-speed scenarios (such as urban traffic congestion or pedestrian crossings), though its effectiveness is constrained by environmental conditions (e.g., inclement weather) and vehicle speed (typically with effective stopping capability below 60 km/h). Performance varies across manufacturers' systems, with certain premium models capable of identifying vulnerable road users. While AEB cannot entirely supplant human driving, it substantially enhances road safety by reducing braking response time and augmenting braking force, and is poised to evolve toward greater sophistication and intelligence in the future.