Automotive rearview mirrors are mainly divided into three categories: interior rearview mirrors, exterior rearview mirrors, and under-view mirrors. Based on mirror structure and function, they can be further classified into flat mirrors, convex mirrors, dual-curvature mirrors, and electronic rearview mirrors. Exterior rearview mirrors are installed on both the left and right sides, predominantly using convex mirrors to expand the side and rear field of view, though they introduce slight image distortion, requiring careful distance assessment. Under-view mirrors assist in observing road conditions beneath the front of the vehicle and are commonly used in large commercial vehicles. Dual-curvature mirrors combine the benefits of flat and convex mirrors: the inner section maintains accurate imaging, while the outer section extends the field of view, making them the preferred choice for balancing functionality and safety. Electronic rearview mirrors transmit images to the in-car display via cameras, significantly enhancing clarity in rainy conditions or at night, though they come at a higher cost and depend on electronic system reliability. Additionally, the anti-glare feature (manual or automatic) mitigates the impact of bright rear lights at night, and wide-angle designs help minimize blind spots. For instance, the interior mirror should be positioned to centre the horizon without reflecting the driver's image, while the left and right exterior mirrors should include approximately one-quarter of the vehicle's body to maintain both environmental awareness and distance reference. These configurations collectively enhance driving safety, and selecting the appropriate type based on vehicle model and specific needs is recommended.
